Limiting Electoral Violence in Zambia 2011-2016

Hilda Sangwa Schwaiger

Limiting Electoral Violence in Zambia 2011-2016

Public Diplomacy, Smart Power and the Role of NGOs

by Hilda Sangwa Schwaiger (Author)
©2022, Thesis, 412 Pages
History & Political Science

Electoral violence is a persistent problem in Zambia. This book is a case study of the usage,
importance and impact of Public Diplomacy (PD) and Smart Power (SP) by the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID/Zambia) and Friedrich-Ebert
Stiftung (FES) in Zambia by means of collaborating with local NGOs – the Foundation
for Democratic Process (FODEP) and the Southern African Centre for the Constructive
Resolution of Disputes (SACCORD) to help elections take place among poor, uneducated
voters without resorting to violence.

General and by-election periods have for more than five decades generated an increased
intensity of electoral violence by hired impoverished youth political cadres who are
increasingly becoming more daring and lethal, capable of damaging property, inflicting
injuries on victims or causing death.

There is a growing urgent need for special-tailored programmes that target instigators and
perpetrators of electoral violence – more definitely needs to be done besides efforts by
international organisations. It is up to citizens, local NGOs and especially political parties
and responsible public institutions to act in order to limit electoral violence in Zambia.

Cover
Title
Copyright
About the author
About the book
This eBook can be cited
Abstract – English
Abstract – Romanian
Acknowledgements
Declaration
List of Acronyms
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Tables
Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 Background to the Problem
- 1.2 Problem Statement
- 1.3 Aim and Objectives
  - 1.3.1 Aim
  - 1.3.2 Objectives
- 1.4 Research Questions
- 1.5 Rationale of the Study
- 1.6 Importance of the Study
- 1.7 Limitations
Chapter 2: Historical Background
- 2.1 Political History of Zambia since Independence
- 2.2 The Economic Context
- 2.3 Zambian Society
- 2.4 Electoral System in Zambia
- 2.5 Electoral Violence in Zambia after 2010
Chapter 3: Public Diplomacy, Smart Power and Civil Society in Zambia
- 3.1 Theoretical Framework regarding Public Diplomacy (PD) and Smart Power (SP)
  - 3.1.1 The Argument of “Dead Aid” by Dambisa Moyo
  - 3.1.2 IFES – Elections Worth Dying For? A Selection of Case Studies from Africa
  - 3.1.3 John Keane’s Theory of the Emerging Monitory Democracy
- 3.2 NGOs and Civil Society in Zambia
  - 3.2.1 Case Study FODEP
  - 3.2.2 Case Study SACCORD
- 3.3 International Organizations Acting in Zambia
  - 3.3.1 Case Study USAID in Zambia
  - 3.3.2 Case Study FES in Zambia
- 3.4 Programmes to Curb Electoral Violence in Zambia 2011–2016
  - 3.4.1 Programmes Run by FODEP
  - 3.4.2 Programmes Run by SACCORD
Chapter 4: Field Research Concerning Programmes Run by FODEP and SACCORD and Supported by USAID and FES for Limiting Electoral Violence in Zambia 2011–2016
- 4.1 Research Methodology
  - 4.1.1 Research Design
  - 4.1.1.1 Conceptual Framework of Research Design
  - 4.1.1.2 The Chosen Research Design
  - 4.1.2 Sampling Plan
  - 4.1.3 Sampling Unit
  - 4.1.4 Census
  - 4.1.5 Data Collection
  - 4.1.6 Primary Data
  - 4.1.7 Secondary Data
- 4.2 Data Collection Instrument
  - 4.2.1 Type of Data Collection Instruments Utilized
  - 4.2.2 Questionnaire and Semi-structured Interview Themes
  - 4.2.3 Pilot Testing of Research Instrument
  - 4.2.4 Validity and Reliability of the Study
  - 4.2.4.1 Validity of the Study
  - a) Face Validity
  - b) Content Validity
  - c) Criterion Validity
  - d) Concurrent Validity
  - 4.2.4.2 Reliability of the Study
  - 4.2.5 Ethical Considerations
  - a) Recruitment
  - b) Confidentiality
  - c) Informed Consent
  - d) Respect for the Participants
  - 4.2.6 How Data Was Analyzed
  - 4.2.7 Findings and Analysis of Data
- 4.3. Qualitative & Quantitative Analysis of Data
  - 4.3.1 Demographic Data of FODEP & SACCORD Respondents
  - 4.3.1.1 Educational Qualifications
  - 4.3.2 Details of the NGOS (FODEP and SACCORD)
  - 4.3.2.1 Nature of Non-governmental Organizations (FODEP and SACCORD)
  - 4.3.3 Existence & Causes of Violent Behaviour during Electoral Periods
  - 4.3.4 Perception & Role of USAID & FES Zambia PD & SP to FODEP & SACCORD
  - 4.3.5 Importance & Impact of USAID & FES Zambia’s PD & SP
  - 4.3.6 Recommendations by Local NGOs on How to Improve PD & SP Funded Programmes
Chapter 5: Outcomes of Civil Society Programmes and International Support for Limiting Electoral Violence in Zambia 2011–2016
- 5.1 Main Results of the Programmes to Curb Electoral Violence 2011–2016
- 5.2 Perceptions of FODEP and SACCORD Respondents regarding USAID and FES in Zambia
- 5.3 The Role of USAID and FES Zambia’s PD & SP towards FODEP and SACCORD
- 5.4 The Relevancy of USAID and FES Zambia for the Finances and Sustainability of FODEP and SACCORD
- 5.5 The Impact of International Donors on the Agenda of Zambian NGOs - FODEP and SACCORD
- 5.6 Opinions of FODEP and SACCORD Staffers on the Ways to Improve the Effectiveness of Programmes Combating Political Violence in Zambia
Chapter 6: Relevance of the Zambian Experience for the Theoretical Debates regarding Public Diplomacy, Smart Power and the Role of Civil Society in the Consolidation of Democracy in the Third World
Chapter 7: Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
- Appendix I: Semi-structured Interviews conducted with Janet Deutsch – USAID Zambia (Date: 20 October 2016)
- Appendix II: Semi-structured Interviews (1) Conducted with Lady Kathy Short – FES Zambia (Date: 11 July October 2016)
- Appendix III: Semi-structured Interview Conducted with Helmut Elischer – FES Zambia Resident Director (Date: 29 August 2016)
- Appendix IV: Semi-structured Interviews (2) Conducted with Lady Kathy Short – FES Zambia Programme Manager (Date: 30 September 2016)
- Appendix V: Semi-structured Interview Conducted with Justin Sandi – FODEP Administration Officer (Date: 29 September 2016)
- Appendix VI: Semi-structured Interviews Conducted with Theresa Chewe & Tumaini Kalebuka – SACCORD Administration Manager & Programmes Officer (Date: 15 October 2016)

Pages:

412

Year:

2022

ISBN (HARDBACK):

9783631874394 (Active)

ISBN (EPUB):

9783631874417 (Active)

ISBN (PDF):

9783631874400 (Active)

DOI:

10.3726/b19484

Language:

English

Keywords:

violence, Diplomacy, Role, Power, Public, 2011, 2016, Electoral, Limiting, NGOs, Schwaiger, Smart, Zambia, Hilda, Sangwa

Published:

Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa, Wien, 2022. 412 pp., 24 fig. col., 2 fig. b/w, 6 tables.

Hilda Chimamu Schwaiger has a very strong media background
having worked in public relations, newspapers and radio. She has
studied and worked in five countries namely Zambia, Namibia, South
Africa, Romania and Germany. Her qualifications include a PhD in
History of Public Diplomacy in International Relations (University
of Bucharest and, Academy of Cultural Diplomacy, Berlin), a Master
in Business Administration – MBA General (Management College of
Southern Africa, Johannesburg), a Bachelor of Arts in Media Studies
(University of Namibia, Windhoek) and a Certificate in Journalism
(Evelyn Hone College, Lusaka).

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Limiting Electoral Violence in Zambia 2011-2016

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